Robert Thomson's Articles in Technology

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Account of CDs A typical CD will have a diameter of just 12 cm and about 80 minutes audio data can be stored on it. A short history of the automobile Driving a car back and fro from work has revealed us our dependence on it. Read on to find the humble beginnings of this everyday item and its interesting history. Why compare cell phones? New cell phones are released every day. They come with bigger and better features, enhancing present technology and are becoming more and more extraordinary. We look at some of the more exciting cell phones on the market today. How TV Streaming Has Changed How Viewers Watch Their Favorite Programs TV streaming lets viewers watch their favorite programming in a matter of minutes on their computer. The programs are channel as a continuous stream on the internet. TV streaming is becoming the wave of the future of the internet. A New Way Of Watching Whatever You Want On Your Computer TV streaming lets viewers watch their favorite programming in a matter of minutes on their computer. The programs are channel as a continuous stream on the internet. TV streaming is becoming the wave of the future of the internet. Unlock iPhone 3G There seems to be a lot of confusion around the iPhone 3G, and how to unlock it. There are tons of websites claiming that they can unlock the 3G iPhone with a software solution - they cant! There is no software unlock available yet for the iPhone 3G, anywhere! Online Calling Cards Calling Cards are existing either at the shop or at buy through internet. These cards are Routinely used for long distance like interstate or international calls. These calling cards have leader quality of communication. Prior you had to go to the shop to buy the calling card but now with simple internet access, you can buy the card online. Custom plastic products and rotational molding Rotational molding or moulding is a process that was developed in the 1940s. It is a process for creating many kinds of plastic parts. The phrase rotational molding is often shortened to rotomolding or rotomoulding. What Types of Wireless Networks Are Available? A wide variety of types and numbers of wireless data networks exist. Some of these operate via wireless voice networks, like cellular telephone networks. Some examples of these include: Cellular Digital Packet Data (CPDP), High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Packet Data Cellular (PDC-P). Other types of wireless networks operate on the physical layers of their individual networks. These may use a wide variety of signals, including antennas located atop towers, or those designed as part of a handheld device. Some examples of these are Local Multipoint Distribution Systems (LMDS) or Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Systems (MMDS) technologies, or 802.11 standards (often used for wireless local area networks, or LANs). In a few instances, the wireless network is designed to connect only with small devices at short distances. One example of this is Bluetooth technology. Athletic footwear The athletic shoe is a general name for footwear designed for sporting and physical participation, and is different in fashion and build than a dress shoe. What is a Wireless Modem? A wireless modem can be described as a device that is connected to a wireless network rather than a telephone line. Computers that use a wireless modem are linked directly with the wireless internet provider (IP), thus allowing access to the Internet. This type of modem is capable of performing at speeds very similar to those of dialup modems, which is much slower than a broadband Internet connection. Packet Sniffing Packet Sniffing can best be described as the process of using a software application for audio monitoring of one's network device. The goal of sniffing is to locate interesting packets. The application monitors the device until it encounters a pack that meets certain conditions, at which point it saves it in a file. Most of the time, potentially interesting packets are those in which terms such as ‘login' or ‘password' are found. Sniffing requires one to purchase or encode a software application that is compatible with the interface design featured by your network's operating system. Cheapest International Prepaid Calling Cards Telephones are the greatest way of being in touch with each other. For this manner of communication various phones are in use. Like the landline phones, the mobile phones and the IP (internet protocol) phones. For the billing of these phones a strong and a fool proof practice has to be in place. It is expected that the billing system be easy for the consumer to use, and at the same time it should be fool proof. LC Connector This type of connector is a small fiber optic connector closely resembling a tiny Subscriber, or SC connector. It features a form-factor design, and was developed for use by Lucent Technologies specifically for utilization in telephone companies, or TelCo environments. This connector has achieved standardization within the Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Stardards as FOCIS 10, specifically according to those provisions issued by EIA/TIA 604-10. What is UMTS? As one of the most practical mobile phone innovations to date, Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) are part of the latest generation of technology that has broadened the scope of mobile phone use. The following details include some basics about UMTS and the types of applications this technology enables. What is RJ-11? This connector device, an abbreviation for 'Registered Jack', is the standard for the two-pair, or four-wire engineering design for telephone wiring. This type of physical connector interface is the one used most often when wiring telephone terminals. Despite the fact that this connection device features six positions, only two or four of these are usually used. Two standard varieties of RJ-11 connector wiring are available. These include the Unshielded Twisted Pair, or UTP, and the untwisted wiring, also called flat satin cable. Calling from Mexico to USA In this 21st century speak with each other, even while staying far apart has become easier. It has become less expensive and faster too comparing to olden days. People can communicate with each other over telephone and online also. There are a lot of convenient modes of communicating over phone, like using prepaid cards, calling cards and phone cards. Calling Cards It is usual that you like to communicate with your family when you are miles away from home. Likewise, it is important to argue the custom matters with your associates from anywhere in the world. However, making international calls are somewhat dear in traditional services. Hence, calling cards are the best alternative to make such long distance calls. What is International Calling Cards In the early 70's telephone created to communication services for people all over the world. Thanks to the invention of cell phones and pay phones, people are closer and connected all the time. Benefits of Blogging for Scrappers Blogging has become a very popular way of communication within the past few years. While it used to be something that techy geeks would do, it's become a way of life in the meantime. Even scrapbookers have started to blog and the number of scrapbookers who blog is climbing at an unbelievable rate. Six Top Tips To Improve Your Computer Security 6 steps for safe online surfing and shopping. What is the Purpose of an Ethernet Crossover Cable? An Ethernet crossover cable is a cable that can be used to create a very simple computer network. To create a computer network, one must join at least two computers together for sharing program files and data. Sometimes, computer networks are extremely complex, involving many computers, as well as routers and hubs. Each of these computers interacts and shares data with the others. Cisco Router Password Recovery Retrieving your password using the majority of Cisco routers is easily achieved by accessing the console port. The problem is that Cisco has bought out a large number of other companies and placed their company label on the router. As a result, password retrieval procedures differ significantly among Cisco devices. Furthermore, the retrieval process changed significantly because of IOS upgrades. The intent of this article is to offer basic instructions that will allow the majority of Cisco device users to accomplish this task. Through following these instructions, you will be able to retrieve your lost password from most Cisco routers. Please note that these instructions are designed to assist those using the 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 7000, and IGS devices. How to Reset your LinkSys Router's Password All LinkSys router passwords are normally set up at the same time as the initial router setup but may be changed at any time. For security purposes the default password "admin" should be updated. It is important to reset the password in order to avoid unauthorized users from accessing the router's web page. Updating the password from the default password is also an important step in enabling the remote management option. Again, the Linksys router's default password is "admin". All Linksys routers have a built-in web-based setup page where users may customize settings and set up advanced properties. Password details are included in these setting options. How do you explain the purpose of the OSI model? The reference model used by most Intelligence Technology (IT) experts to explain the functions of both networks and their applications is the Open System Interconnection, or OSI model. This concept was originally developed for the purpose of describing an entire range of protocols for production networks. The expense and intricacy of the programming process required to successfully define this network made this descriptive project unfeasible. Furthermore, while the OSI designers quibbled over individual responsibilities of the application's features, the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, became the world's standard instead. Useful SQL Server Tools Information on finding useful SQL Server tips and information. MicroStation Tips & Tricks: Making global changes easier It's common to have to repeat the same task over and over in a given design file or in a series of design files. In these cases, it's nice to have a macro recorded that will perform that repetitive action without your having to go through all the key-strokes and mouse-clicks each time to get the task done. What's better is being able to run that macro on all your design files at the same time! This is where Global File Changer from Axiom (http://www.AxiomInt.com) steps in. Freedom of browsing on Internet through Proxies What is the point of having Internet but when the information is filtered or blocked ? What can you do you unblock and get your right of freedom of Internet ? Understanding Desalters Description of the role of desalters in the oil and gas plant. How Computer Managers Cope With The Ever Shrinking Server Room Most businesses insist on packing the server room with as much technology as possible - does yours? How to Fix Corrupted Registry The Windows registry is a very important filing routine that acts as the central nervous system of your computer. A Short History of the Memory Card Memory cards were initiated around 1990 when technology in mobile phones and digital cameras commenced to develop and become more complicated. Nowadays it's not strange to have a mobile phone with a built-in camera of 5 mega pixels which permits you to capture photos of big resolution. As integral storage on phones is very little, on average around 10MB, the need for extra storage came about and so the memory card, the SDcard was one of the foremost. The world's best 4x4's Did you ever wonder to yourself, what the soccer mom who races from band practice to Pick ‘n Pay does with a Land Rover Discovery? Will she ever use this fearsome beast to conquer the open wilds? Will she ever scramble across mud and desert, changing the tire if a piece of scrap metal rips them open? No. That will never happen. 4x4's are a status symbol and the bigger they are, the better prepared you are. For the shopping centre that is. So stop rolling your eyes. You know you want one. I mean, who wants to dirty the paintwork? A 4x4 is a considerable investment, often costing double the price of any ‘normal' car. However, they have multiple uses outside of taking the kids to school and are sturdy, gas-guzzling beasts. A 4x4 will never let you down. Repairing Everyday Computer Problems Computers or PCs are fantastic when they function well allowing you instant communications with the world. What Every Computer Manager Should Know About Industrial Keyboards. Have you ever wondered what sort of keyboard people use in harsh environments...we are all too familiar with the plastic case keyboards that come with our home PC. Windows Mobile Freeware Pocket PC resource for the latest news, reviews and interesting application developed for PPC or PDA running on Windows Mobile. Best site for Windows Mobile Freewares. Thin Client Computers - Understanding The Differences Between PC's What is a thin client? Well its a sort of PC with less of everything. How Computers Are Taking Over The Work Place! No Where Is Safe! See how computers are monitoring our every movement, even at work! PC enclosures - why protection is needed for standard PC's Why protecting standard computers in industrial applications is essential for a high Return On Investment. Thin Client Computers - Understanding The Differences Between PC's. What is a thin client? Well its a sort of PC with less of everything Baud Rate Baud Rate can be roughly defined as the speed of transmission of data between two computers. All forms of communication using the Serial Port requires the presence of four parameters: the baud rate of the transmission being the very first parameter, then comes the number of data bits encoding a character, the third in line is the optional parity bit, and last one is the number of stop bits. Each character transmitted using this method uses a character frame that has a single start bit, then data bits, the parity bit which is optional, and lastly the stop bit(s). TTY In the early days of Unix, teletypewriters or ttys were used by users to communicate over a serial line with the mainframe computer. The mainframe had no keyboard or monitor as it has now and so during those early days, all commands were issued through the tty. The output of the commands was typed on the printer that was part of the tty. The tty terminals had no processing power of their own and hence were known as "dumb" terminals. What is Modulation? Modulation is the process of varying some characteristic of a periodic wave with an external signals. What is DSL? DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a telecommunication service that transforms an ordinary phone into a high-speed conduit for data, voice and video. What is a Race Condition? A race condition occurs when multiple processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. What is 802.1p? 802.1p refers to an IEEE specification for giving Layer 2 switches the ability to prioritize traffic as well as perform dynamic multicast filtering. Basically, it provides a mechanism for implementing Quality of Service at the MAC (Media Access Level) level. What is PCMCIA? PCMCIA stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, an international standards body that was established to define, develop and promote the PC card. PCMCIA also stands for 'People Can't Memorize Computer Industry Acronyms,' a play-of-words humor coined because the original acronym and its meaning are difficult to say and remember. What is 0x800a138f? The causes of the "0x800a138f Windows Update Error" are plentiful, and there are quite a number of ways to go about fixing this problem. The steps used to repair this error, are similar to the steps completed to repair the 0x800a0007 Windows Update Error. These steps include correcting the date and time settings, the language settings, and disabling an antivirus or firewall program. What is Jitter? Jitter is technically defined as a variation of a periodic signal or pulse from its ideal position in time. It is most commonly encountered in telecommunications (also called packet delay variation - PDV - the variation in the time of arrival of packets in a high-speed data transmission) and in electronic systems (the deviation in the amplitude, phase, timing or width of high-frequency digital signals). Supercars for Supermen Superman is a tough guy, much stronger than your average Joe. Supercars are tough cars, stronger than your average "folk's wagons". Wrong! Supercars are made of carbon fiber, and they are ultra light. So why are they called supercars then, why not give the title to the fuel guzzling Humvee, or the immortal Land Rover Defender? I don't have the answer to this question. One thing I know though, these are not your average cars. What is a USB device? A USB device is any peripheral hardware that connects and runs on a computer's Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface - a standardized socket that allows connection and disconnection of devices without having to reboot the computer. USB controls the peripheral devices in a master/slave relationship. What is DMA? DMA is Direct Memory Access. DMA is a system that allows memory to be controlled without passing through the CPU. What is 802.11g? The 802.11g is one of the standards defined by IEEE Standards Committee for wireless local area networks (WLAN). Commonly known as WiFi, it is a specification that offers wireless transmission over relatively short distances of up to 54 megabits per second (Mbps). It replaced the original WiFi, standard, 802.11b, which only allows speeds up to 11 Mbps. Sound System Tips For Mobile DJs Selecting the right DJ equipment and finding the best price can be a very involved process. Learn how to choose quality DJ equipment based on your needs and budget. What is 568A? EIA/TIA 568A is a standard for the pin arrangements of RJ-45 connectors on Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) wire. What is S-Video? S-Video or Separate Video (also referred to as Y/S and erroneously as 'super video') is an analog video signal that transmits video data in two separate and distinct signals - one for color and the other for brightness. This procedure is a departure from the composite video concept where the entire set of information is transferred as a composite (all in one) package. S-Video works in 576i and 480i resolution. How does one set-up Free to Air Satellite receivers? A Free to Air Satellite receiver (abbreviated FTA receivers) refers to satellite receivers that are designed to receive unencrypted FTA satellite transmissions. What is CAT 6? CAT 6 (short for Category 6) refers to an Ethernet cable as defined by Electronic Industries Association and Telecommunication Industry Association (EIA/TIA). What is Change management? Change Management refers to an IT Service Management discipline whose objective is to ensure that standardized methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt handling of changes to controlled IT infrastructure. Where can I Get Xbox Live Free Trial Codes? There are many different websites where you can get the Xbox Live codes. Some of these web sites offer tons of free codes after you have played some of the other games offered on their website. How do I unlock a phone? Mobile phone carriers commonly subsidize the costs of new cell phones. The customer pays $99 for a five hundred dollar phone and the carrier pays the rest of the cost. The customer signs a service contract where the customer agrees to stay with the service provider for a number of years. Over the lifetime of that contract, the mobile phone service provider makes enough profit to cover their initial subsidy on the purchase of the cell phone. What is DisplayPort? DisplayPort is the new digital display interface standard. It has been recently approved (5/2006) by VESA and will be hitting the markets in 2008. For most computer users, the fairly big and bulky VGA port is familiar. While the VGA port has been extremely reliable and has delivered competent performance, the new standard - the Display Port - is considered to be quite an upgrade from traditional VGA ports and is on par with HDMI. How Do I Unblock Websites? The answer to this question is determined by what is blocking you from accessing a website. If the website itself is blocking you, then you have one set of solutions. If there is something between you and the website which is blocking you, then you have a different set of solutions. How can I convert AVI to DVD? AVI to DVD conversion has become a fairly common type of file conversion these days. It has become fairly easy to burn a movie stored on your hard disk in AVI format to a disk so that you can watch it on a standard dvd player. But what is the difference between the two formats anyway? What does 'This device cannot start. Code 10 in audio driver' mean? If you receive the Windows error "This device cannot start. Code 10 in audio driver", it means that you have a bad, missing or incompatible driver for your sound card. What are anonymous proxy servers Anonymous proxy servers are web servers that connect to a third party website and retrieves files or other resources on behalf of a requesting client. All throughout the transaction, the proxy server shall identify itself as the one requesting the resource, thereby maintaining the anonymity of the requesting client. How to Create a Flyer To create a flyer, you need a topic (e.g., something you're selling or announcing), a little imagination and creativity, some relevant images to make the flyer interesting, flyer-creating software and a printer. RAR Password A password can be used to protect the contents of a Rar file, which is a compressed file format. The user-defined password is used to encrypt the file using a strong AES-128 standard encryption algorithm. Anyone trying to extract the contents of the Rar file needs to supply the correct password that was used for encryption. If the person fails to supply a password or types in a wrong password, they cannot extract the contents of the Rar file. How Do I Change My Password MSN uses the Windows Live ID which works on all Microsoft Passport Sites. What are Molex Connectors A Molex connector is a lingo term used to refer to a type of connector used in microcomputers. The Molex connector was designed by Molex. Molex is a large electronic component manufacturing company founded in 1938. How Do I Convert MP4 to MP3 Converting MP4 to MP3 is extremely simple to do and usually only requires a small application. MP3 is one of the world's most popular digital audio formats, due to its high sound quality and high compression rate that makes these files very small and easy to work with. What is DNS DNS (Domain Name System), is the service which translates between Internet names and Internet addresses. How Do I Change My Hotmail Password There are two ways to change a Hotmail password. If the current password is known, it can be used to sign in and then change the password. But if the current password has been forgotten, then it has to be reset. Solidworks Tutorial SolidWorks allows you to view 3d parts from all different angles. There are infinite ways to view an object, but engineers usually only concern themselves with 4 main views. You can see these views in the above picture of the green link. Routing Tables In computer networking, a routing table is an electronic table or database type object that is stored in a router or a networked computer. The routing table stores the routes (and details related with those routes) and network destinations. The routing table contains the topology of the immediate network. The primary goal of routing protocols and static routes is to construct the routing tables. Free Icons We have animated icons, funny icons, naughty icons, and pretty much any other emoticon you can think of. How Can I Send Free SMS SMS, which stands for Short Messaging Service, is a communication protocol wherein short text messages can be sent between two mobile phones supporting this feature. SMS has now gradually expanded, and now refers to any device that supports this feature, which includes but is not limited to, landline phones, cordless devices, web servers, etc. Even text messages sent nowadays without using this protocol have come to be referred to as SMS. Usually, mobile telephony providers charge a small per message fee for SMS. There are however, ways to bypass this fee as discussed below. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol, or SNMP as it is more popularly known, is defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and is an internet protocol method. It is part of the application layer of the TCP/IP system. It consists of protocols for network management. It forms a key component of network management systems and is used in monitoring device functionality, alerting administrators to conditions that warrant their attention. CMYK A color model in computer terms is a list of numbers which can be used to uniquely identify colors. CMYK, which stands for Cyan Magenta Yellow and Key or Black, is a color model which is used in digital printing. It has now been accepted to refer to the whole printing process. CMYK is sometimes called a subtractive color model since it gives colors by absorbing or ‘subtracting' certain wavelengths from white light. It achieves very high quality of printing by setting ‘screen angles' for various colors, which is the angle at which the wavelengths for these colors is absorbed. These angles are varied according to the number of colors needed. Which is the Best Browser A browser is a program you use for surfing the internet. There are many browsers available on the internet market today, the most popular being Firefox, Opera and Internet Explorer. The way to rate a browser out of the above as the best browser to use is discussed below. Change MSN Password MSN is an ISP (Internet Service Provider) which is owned and operated by Microsoft Corporation. In addition, Microsoft uses the MSN brand on a number of web sites which they operate. IP Address Classes An IP address is the unique 12 digit number sequence used to identify you over the internet. Every addressing system needs to adhere to some rules so that unique identification can be made easier. As defined by the IEEE committee, an IP address must inform the internet as to what workstation it is part of and which particular node it is of. An IP address class is a series of five different ranges, an IP of which tells the internet how big the network is. Hostname A name is the identifier of your computer on the network. A hostname is the DNS name of a computer on a network. EVDO Evolution Data Optimized, also known as Evolution Data Only or EVDO (EV-DO) is a type of broadband data transfer standard designed for cellular networks. It was adopted primarily by Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network providers as one of the major components of the CDMA2000 standards family. EVDO is currently the primary competitor for HSDPA, or High-Speed Downlink Packet Access. Like HSDPA, EVDO is a third generation cellular technology (3G) which can be used to download various bits of data, voice, and television shows from the cellular network to an EVDO device. EVDO in the United States is currently offered by Sprint, Alltel, and Verizon Wireless providers. One of the limitations of transmitting and receiving mobile data is the lack of bandwidth. EVDO technology was created to overcome this limitation and deliver large amounts of data to and from mobile devices. DIMM A DIMM is a Dual Inline Memory Module. A DIMM is a small circuit board designed to hold a set of RAM chips. A DIMM has a 64-bit data bus, which allows DIMM's to be connected one at a time to a CPU with a 64-bit data bus. WMV Files WMV (Windows Media Video) is a generic name for video encoding solutions developed by Microsoft. The format is a part of the Windows Media framework that also includes formats like Windows Media Audio (WMA), Advanced Systems Format (ASF) and High Definition Photo (HDP). WMV files use the Microsoft container format and represent Microsoft's own version of MPEG-4 (Part 2) video encoding technology. Opening RAR Files UnRAR-ing a file is just the opposite of RARing a file, as one might guess. Basically, you are undoing the RAR format and then extracting the files content. If you are an end user, this isn't a big deal if the WinRAR comes with an UnRAR option. If there is an option to UnRAR, you simply have to click the button, and just as when you unzip files, the RAR file will be extracted to the folder of your choice. ECC Memory ECC memory is Error-Correcting Code memory. MTTR MTTR stands for Mean Time To Repair. MTTR is the amount of time between when something breaks and when it has been repaired and is fully functional again. RAR Files A RAR file is a proprietary file format for archiving and data compression. A Russian engineer named Eugene Roshal developed this type of file for MS-DOS before it was later used in other operating systems as well. Nokia N96 Due for Release Next Month The new Nokia N96 is a fabulously designed 3G smart phone that features an unique dual opening mechanism which is also designed to be the next flagship of Nokia handsets. Nokia 6220 Classic Due for Release This Month The Nokia 6220 Classic is a candy bar and sophisticated designed smart phone that comes in two colour choices. Why Choose Remus Exhaust for Your Car? Remus is an Austria-based muffler maker that has been designing, manufacturing, and selling world class exhaust systems for quite a few years. They are an excellent choice of exhaust brands if you're looking to add performance and a great sounding exhaust tone to your vehicle! How to Install a Body Kit Are you interested in purchasing and adding a body kit to your vehicle but are not sure how? Just follow are simple instructions to learn how to install a body kit properly onto your vehicle! How can I change my hotmail password Hotmail is a free (i.e. advertiser supported) web based e-mail system provided by Microsoft Corporation.The way to change your Hotmail password is to change your Microsoft Passport password. HSCSD HSCSD or High Speed - Circuit Switched Data is a high speed data transfer technology for GSM-based networks. It improves upon the Circuit Switched Data technology in order to enhance data throughput capacity while using currently existing network infrastructure. OLED An Organic Light Emitting Diode or OLED is an electronic device that emits light when a voltage is applied across its terminals. Since organic compounds are used in certain layers within the device, it is known as an "Organic" LED, as opposed to normal LEDs which use inorganic compounds. Since some layers are conductive and some are resistive in nature, the device is known as an organic semi-conductor. How does LDAP work Lightweight Directory Access Protocol or LDAP is a TCP/IP-based Internet protocol used by email programs and a few other applications to search and fetch information from a directory stored on a server. A directory is a data repository storing identical chunks of information in a hierarchical and logical sequence. Proxy.com A Proxy is a software program that resides in-between a client computer and a server. All communication between the client and the server are routed through the proxy. The proxy software can reside either on a dedicated computer, sandwiched between the client and the server, or exist in the client computer itself. The proxy acts like a filter that sifts all communication that occurs between the client and the server. 'No Audio Device' Error If you have experienced a Windows "No Audio Device" error, it most likely means that your sound card is not installed properly.
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